PTE Academic Writing Test 2

Some people believe that governments should heavily invest in space exploration, while others argue that these funds would be better spent solving problems on Earth, such as poverty and disease. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Essay type: Discuss both views. Your essay is scored on content, form, grammar, vocabulary and spelling.

Summarise the passage in writing.

The phenomenon of bioluminescence, the production and emission of light by living organisms, has fascinated scientists for centuries. Found in a remarkable diversity of species, from deep-sea fish and jellyfish to fireflies and certain fungi, bioluminescence arises from a chemical reaction in which a light-emitting molecule called luciferin is oxidised in the presence of an enzyme known as luciferase. Unlike the light produced by an incandescent bulb, this biological glow generates almost no heat, which is why it is often described as cold light. The efficiency of the process is extraordinary, with nearly all the energy released as visible light rather than being wasted as thermal radiation.

Organisms employ bioluminescence for a variety of purposes that reflect the pressures of their environments. In the lightless depths of the ocean, where sunlight never penetrates, many creatures use luminous displays to attract prey, confuse predators, or communicate with potential mates. The anglerfish, for instance, dangles a glowing lure to entice unsuspecting victims within striking distance, while some squid eject clouds of luminous fluid to distract attackers as they escape. On land, fireflies flash distinctive patterns to identify members of their own species during courtship. Researchers have harnessed these natural systems for practical applications, inserting luciferase genes into other organisms to track gene activity, monitor bacterial contamination in food, and even illuminate cancer cells for study. As scientists continue to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind this ability, bioluminescence promises not only to deepen our understanding of evolution and ecology but also to inspire innovative technologies in medicine, environmental monitoring, and sustainable lighting design.

Your summary is scored on content, form, grammar and vocabulary.